据美国物理学家组织网日前报道，美国科学家报告称，他们研制出一种快速测试方法，能够通过对患者血液样本的检测迅速辨别出细菌感染与病毒感染。相关论文发表在《分析化学》杂志上。

细菌感染和病毒感染在症状上极为相似，但治疗方法上却迥然不同。就以抗生素为例，该药对细菌感染有效，但在治疗病毒感染上却无能无力。

在区分两种感染源上，目前的诊断方法费时费力，且准确性差。有些时候，如果等到培养结果出来后再进行治疗，便会有贻误病情的风险。罗伯特·马克和达莉亚·普瑞拉斯基发现，在细菌感染病例中，患者免疫系统的表现与病毒感染时存在较大区别。并以此作为依据开发出了这套新型检测系统。研究显示，新法的实验精确度可达到94.7%，实用精度可达到88.9%。

研究人员称，新检测方法不但能够在临床上为医生提供辅助决策，帮助医生更快速地作出正确诊断，还具有省时、便捷、容易商业化生产和大规模应用的特点，因此具有一定的潜在价值。（生物谷Bioon.com）

生物谷推荐原文出处：

American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ac200596f

Differentiation between Viral and Bacterial Acute Infections Using Chemiluminescent Signatures of Circulating Phagocytes

Daria Prilutsky, Evgeni Shneider, Alex Shefer, Boris Rogachev, Leslie Lobel, Mark Last, and Robert S. Marks

Oftentimes the etiological diagnostic differentiation between viral and bacterial infections is problematic, while clinical management decisions need to be made promptly upon admission. Thus, alternative rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches need to be developed. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or phagocytes act as major players in the defense response of the host during an episode of infection, and thereby undergo functional changes that differ according to the infections. PMNs functional activity can be characterized by quantification and localization of respiratory burst production and assessed by chemiluminescent (CL) byproduct reaction. We have assessed the functional states of PMNs of patients with acute infections in a luminol-amplified whole blood system using the component CL approach. In this study, blood was drawn from 69 patients with fever (>38 °C), and diagnosed as mainly viral or bacterial infections in origin. Data mining algorithms (C4.5, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive B...